Meet the Transistor Clock, a fully functional 12-hour digital clock built entirely from discrete electronic components — with no integrated circuits.
Using BC547 transistors, 1N4148 diodes, passive components and a 32.768 kHz crystal, the circuit generates and counts time accurately, displaying seconds, minutes and hours on 7-segment displays.
Rather than relying on ready-made digital ICs, the project builds the underlying logic from individual components. This makes it possible to explore how timing, counting and digital logic work at a much more fundamental level.
The project combines practical electronics, circuit design and experimentation, giving students the opportunity to understand a digital system by building it from the ground up.
The Transistor Clock project was made possible with the generous funding and support of Konstantinos Petridis.
You can also see the project in action on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/reel/DczBrNpRqKu/?stkn=cjZ1bTEwazN5emhj